The South Durham and Lancs railway (the Stainmore Line) opened in 1861. It ran over the Pennines through the Stainmore Gap connecting Bishops Auckland to Tebay to carry coal from Newcastle to the iron furnaces in the Furness area. Its highest section, Stainmore summit 406m, was the highest point of any railway in England. It was closed down in 1962. A small section has been preserved at Kirkby Stephen East. Wikipedia has a good summary titled South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway
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